JEE Main Physics Syllabus 2025 (Available) – Get Syllabus PDF Here

The official JEE Main Physics syllabus for 2025, as declared by the National Testing Agency (NTA), is organized into two distinct sections: Section A and Section B. Section A focuses on the fundamental concepts of Physics, covering topics such as Mechanics, Thermodynamics, and Electromagnetism. This section emphasizes understanding core principles and problem-solving skills, with a significant portion of the exam dedicated to these areas. Students are expected to grasp concepts from Classical Mechanics, Kinematics, and Dynamics, as well as delve into Thermodynamic processes and the basics of Waves and Oscillations.

Section B of the syllabus is designed to test practical knowledge and application of Physics principles. It includes topics related to Experimental Physics, with an emphasis on laboratory techniques and problem-solving based on practical experiments. This section often includes questions that require an understanding of experimental setups, data interpretation, and analysis of experimental results. Students should be familiar with common laboratory equipment and techniques used in solving Physics problems.

For detailed study and preparation, students can access the complete JEE Main Physics syllabus in both PDF and textual formats. These resources provide a comprehensive overview of the topics covered in the exam, aiding candidates in structuring their study plans effectively.

JEE Main 2025 Physics Syllabus – Released

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JEE Main 2025 Physics Syllabus

The JEE Main 2025 Physics syllabus, set by the National Testing Agency (NTA), outlines key concepts in Mechanics, Electromagnetism, and Thermodynamics, structured into two sections to test both theoretical understanding and practical application.

Section A

Get here Unit-wise, and complete the Syllabus Online of Physics Section A for the JEE Main Exam 2025.

Unit 1- Physics and Measurement

• Physics, technology, society, SI units, Fundamental and derived units.
• Most minor count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, measurement errors, Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

Unit 2- Kinematics

• The frame of reference. Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, and relations for uniformly accelerated motion.
• Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and Subtraction, Zero Vector, Scalar, Vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity is motion in a plane. Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.

Unit 3- Law of Motion

• Force and Inertia.
• Newton’s First Law of Motion; Momentum.
• Newton’s Second Law of Motion; Impulse; Newton’s Third Law of Motion.
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
• Equilibrium of concurrent forces
• Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force and its applications.

Unit 4- Work, Energy, and Power

• Work was done by constant and variable forces: kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, and power.
• The potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and nonconservative forces: Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Unit 5- Rotational Motion

• Centre of the mass of a two-particle system.
• Centre of the mass of a rigid body: Basic concepts of rotational motion: movement of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications: the moment of inertia, the radius of gyration.
• Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.
• Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion.

Unit 6- Gravitation

• The universal law of gravitation.
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
• Gravitational potential energy: gravitational potential. Escape velocity.
• Orbital velocity of a satellite.
• Geo-stationary satellites.

Unit 7- Properties of Solids and Liquids

• Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship. Hooke’s Law.
• Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column: Pascal’s law and its applications. Viscosity, Stokes’ law. Terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow.
• Reynolds number.
  Bernoulli’s principle and its applications.
• Surface energy and surface tension, the angle of contact, application of surface tension – drops, bubbles, and capillary rise.
• Heat, temperature, thermal expansion: specific heat capacity, calorimetry: change of state, latent heat.
  Heat transfer-conduction, convection, and radiation. Newton’s law of cooling.

Unit 8- Thermodynamics

• Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy.
• The first law of thermodynamics.
• The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.

Unit 9- Kinetic Theory of Gases

• The equation of state of a perfect gas. Work is done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, the concept of pressure.
• Kinetic energy and temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules; Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy.
• Applications to specific heat capacities of gases: Mean free path. Avogadro’s number.

Unit 10- Oscillations and Waves

• Periodic motion – period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.l l.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. – Kinetic and potential energies: Simple pendulum – derivation of expression for its period; Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance.
• Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves are the speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. The principle of superposition of waves is a reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats. Doppler effect in sound.

Unit 11- Electrostatics

• Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges, superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
• Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
• Electric flux, Gauss’s law, and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field.
• Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, a combination of capacitors in series and parallel, the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.

Unit 12- Current Electricity

• Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Electrical resistance, Resistances of different materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance.
• Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference, and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone Bridge, Metre Bridge. Potentiometer – principle and its applications.

Unit 13- Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

• Biot – Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel current-carrying definitions of an ampere, Torque experienced by a current loop in the uniform magnetic field, Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances.
• Magnetic susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets, and permanent magnets.

Unit 14- Electromagnetic Induction and  Alternating Current

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattles current. AC generator and transformer.

Unit 15- Electromagnetic Waves

• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays). Applications of e.m. waves.

Unit 16- Optics

• Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total internal reflection and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by a prism, Lens Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
• Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle, Laws of reflection, and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained light interference.
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes, astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroids.

Unit 17- Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

• Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, particle nature of light.
• Matter waves-wave nature of the particle, de Broglie relation. Davis son-Germer experiment.

Unit 18- Atoms and Nuclei

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of the nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, and isotones.
• Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays, and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion

Unit 19- Electronic Devices

• Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; 1-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator.
• Junction transistor, transistor action, transistor characteristics, transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator.
• Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). The transistor is a switch.

Unit 20- Communication Systems

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation, Need for modulation, Amplitude and Frequency Modulation, Bandwidth of signals, Bandwidth of Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a Communication System (Block Diagram only).

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Section B

Unit 21- Experimental Skills

Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:

• Vernier Calipers: Used for precise measurements of internal and external diameters and depths. The main components are the main scale and the sliding vernier scale.
• Screw Gauge: Measures the thickness or diameter of thin sheets or wires by counting the number of rotations required to move the screw a specific distance.
• Simple Pendulum: Investigates energy dissipation by plotting the graph between the square of the amplitude and time to analyze the damping effect.
• Metre Scale: Measures the mass of an object using the principle of moments (torque) by balancing the object on a fulcrum.
• Young’s Modulus: Determines the elasticity of a metallic wire by measuring the extension of the wire under a known load and calculating stress and strain.
• Surface Tension: Measured by capillary rise in a tube and studying the effect of detergents on water’s surface tension.
• Coefficient of Viscosity: Assessed by measuring the terminal velocity of a spherical body falling through a viscous liquid, which helps determine the fluid’s resistance to flow.
• Speed of Sound in Air: Measured using a resonance tube at room temperature to determine the wavelength and frequency of sound waves.

• Specific Heat Capacity:
  • Solid: Determined by the method of mixtures, where a hot solid is mixed with a cooler liquid and temperature changes are observed.
  • Liquid: Similar method as above, but with a liquid.

• Resistivity of Wire: Measured using a metre bridge by comparing the resistances in two arms of a bridge circuit.
• Resistance of Wire: Determined using Ohm’s law by measuring voltage and current to calculate resistance.
• Galvanometer: The resistance and figure of merit are found using the half-deflection method to determine the galvanometer’s sensitivity and accuracy.
• Focal Length:
  • Convex Mirror: Determined by the mirror formula or using a distant object and measuring image size.
  • Concave Mirror: Measured using the mirror formula or by finding the image position of a distant object.
  • Convex Lens: Focal length found using the lens formula with distant light sources and measuring image distance.

• Angle of Deviation vs. Angle of Incidence: Plotted for a triangular prism to study how light deviates as it passes through different angles of incidence.
• Refractive Index of a Glass Slab: Measured using a travelling microscope to determine how much light bends when passing through the glass.
• P-N Junction Diode Characteristics: Plotted forward and reverse bias curves to study how the diode conducts and its behaviour under different voltage conditions.
• Zener Diode Characteristics: Curves are plotted to determine the breakdown voltage and understand how the diode behaves in reverse bias.
• Identification of Components: Identifying Diodes, LEDs, Resistors, and Capacitors from a mixed collection based on their appearance and function.

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Sunil Kushwaha

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